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Friday, March 1, 2013
Deworming important for children's health, has limited impact on infection in wider communities
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Public release date: 28-Feb-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Sam Wong
sam.wong@imperial.ac.uk
44-207-594-2198
Public Library of Science
Although they have an important impact on children's health and education, school-based deworming programmes have a limited impact on the level of infection in the wider community, according to a mathematical modeling study conducted by researchers at Imperial College London.
Parasitic worms called soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infect more than a billion people in developing countries; these worms rob the infected person of nutrition and negatively affect physical growth and cognitive development, especially in children. They also can cause anemia, which is especially harmful in women of child-bearing age causing abdominal pain, anaemia, and weakness. STH occurs primarily in tropical areas where sanitation is poor, and typically affects the poorest of the pooradding yet another burden on communities already held back by illness and poverty.
These STH infections, which can be easily treated with drugs, are among the neglected tropical diseases that last year pharmaceutical companies and health organizations made a commitment to eliminate or control. Johnson & Johnson (J&J) and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) have made available up to 600 million doses of deworming drugs every year between now and 2020 enough to achieve the target of treating up to 75% of school-age children at a global level. Deworming programmes often focus on administering treatments in schools because of the huge toll that infections take on children's growth and education, plus the ease of reaching large numbers of children in rural areas.
Researchers at Imperial College London used statistical analysis and simulations of STH transmission in a mathematical model to investigate whether programmes targeting schools are effective at restricting infection in the wider community. Their study, published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, concludes that although these programmes have many important benefits for school-aged children, they only target a small proportion of parasites in the community. They also showed that the impact of school-based treatment depends on the extent to which school children over-contribute to transmission in the community than adults - something which hasn't been studied since the early 1990s.
Other strategies need to be considered as part of efforts to control and eliminate STH, the authors say.
Professor Sir Roy Anderson of Imperial College London, Director of the London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research and lead author of the study, said: "Following the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases, pharmaceutical companies are making large donations of treatments for soil-transmitted helminths, which is great news for reducing the burden of these parasites. To make best use of donations, we need more calculation based on sound understanding of disease transmission, as opposed to just relying on opinion.
"Since there are very few studies which look at the indirect effect of school-based treatment, we need to do more studies to estimate mixing patterns and the impact on transmission in order to design effective programmes in the future."
In an accompanying expert commentary in the same issue journal, Dr. David Addiss, Director of Children Without Worms, says the study raises critical questions which organizations working to control STH need to consider. "These results open a fundamental conversation about the goals and expectations of current global STH control efforts." Addiss notes that World Health Assembly (WHA) resolution 54.19, which set a target of treating at least 75% of school-age children with deworming drugs, also urged member states to promote access to safe water, sanitation and health education and to treat women at risk of STH.
In order to indicate the importance of the paper by Anderson and colleagues, Addiss draws on an analogy from the late 1800s: during that period, when massive trees were cut by handsaw and the logs floated down river by the hundreds to be milled, they occasionally jammed. Skilled lumberjacks could often identify a single "key log," which, once released, opened the way for all the logs to continue their journey. Addiss suggests that the paper by Anderson and colleagues reveals the presence of such a key log.
"In showing that the effect of deworming school children may have little long-term effect on STH transmission in the community, the analysis by Anderson and colleagues invites us, as a community, to clarify our goals and vision for STH control," Dr Addiss said.
###
PRESS CONTACT: Sam Wong, Research Media Officer, Imperial College London, sam.wong@imperial.ac.uk, 44-207-594-2198
Kerry Gallo, Sr. Program Associate, Children Without Worms, kgallo@taskforce.org, 404-687-5627
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: (Anderson) The authors gratefully acknowledge grant support for this research from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Partnership for Child Development. SJB is supported by a Senior Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science from the Wellcome Trust (098045), which also funds RLP. RMA thanks GSK for Centre Funding. TDH gratefully acknowledges Imperial College London for funding of her Junior Research Fellowship, the Vaccine Modeling Initiative, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the Medical Research Council for Centre Funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
(Addiss) No funds were received for this study. Children Without Worms receives financial support from Johnson & Johnson and GlaxoSmithKline. The Task
Force for Global Health, Johnson & Johnson, and GlaxoSmithKline had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
COMPETING INTERESTS: Roy M. Anderson is non-executive member of the board of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). GlaxoSmithKline provided no financial support for the work and played no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
(Addiss) The author has declared that no competing interests exist.
PLEASE ADD THIS LINK TO THE PUBLISHED ARTICLE IN ONLINE VERSIONS:
http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002027
http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002092
CITATION: Anderson RM, Truscott JE, Pullan RL, Brooker SJ, Hollingsworth TD (2013) How Effective Is School-Based Deworming for the Community-Wide Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminths? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(2): e2027. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002027
Addiss DG (2013) Epidemiologic Models, Key Logs, and Realizing the Promise of WHA 54.19. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(2): e2092. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002092
Disclaimer
This press release refers to an article in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. The release is provided by the article authors. Any opinions expressed in these releases or articles are the personal views of the journal staff and/or article contributors, and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of PLOS. PLOS expressly disclaims any and all warranties and liability in connection with the information found in the releases and articles and your use of such information.
Media Permissions
PLOS Journals publish under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits free reuse of all materials published with the article, so long as the work is cited (e.g., Kaltenbach LS et al. (2007) Huntingtin Interacting Proteins Are Genetic Modifiers of Neurodegeneration. PLoS Genet 3(5): e82. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030082). No prior permission is required from the authors or publisher. For queries about the license, please contact the relative journal contact indicated here: http://www.plos.org/journals/embargopolicy.php
About PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (http://www.plosntds.org/) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal devoted to the pathology, epidemiology, prevention, treatment, and control of the neglected tropical diseases, as well as public policy relevant to this group of diseases. All works published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases are open access, which means that everything is immediately and freely available subject only to the condition that the original authorship and source are properly attributed. The Public Library of Science uses the Creative Commons Attribution License, and copyright is retained by the authors.
About the Public Library of Science
The Public Library of Science (PLOS) is a non-profit organization of scientists and physicians committed to making the world's scientific and medical literature a freely available public resource. For more information, visit http://www.plos.org.
PLEASE MENTION THE OPEN-ACCESS JOURNAL PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (www.plosntds.org) AS THE SOURCE FOR THIS ARTICLE AND PROVIDE A LINK TO THE FREELY AVAILABLE TEXT. THANK YOU.
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal published weekly by the Public Library of Science (PLOS).
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 28-Feb-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Sam Wong
sam.wong@imperial.ac.uk
44-207-594-2198
Public Library of Science
Although they have an important impact on children's health and education, school-based deworming programmes have a limited impact on the level of infection in the wider community, according to a mathematical modeling study conducted by researchers at Imperial College London.
Parasitic worms called soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infect more than a billion people in developing countries; these worms rob the infected person of nutrition and negatively affect physical growth and cognitive development, especially in children. They also can cause anemia, which is especially harmful in women of child-bearing age causing abdominal pain, anaemia, and weakness. STH occurs primarily in tropical areas where sanitation is poor, and typically affects the poorest of the pooradding yet another burden on communities already held back by illness and poverty.
These STH infections, which can be easily treated with drugs, are among the neglected tropical diseases that last year pharmaceutical companies and health organizations made a commitment to eliminate or control. Johnson & Johnson (J&J) and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) have made available up to 600 million doses of deworming drugs every year between now and 2020 enough to achieve the target of treating up to 75% of school-age children at a global level. Deworming programmes often focus on administering treatments in schools because of the huge toll that infections take on children's growth and education, plus the ease of reaching large numbers of children in rural areas.
Researchers at Imperial College London used statistical analysis and simulations of STH transmission in a mathematical model to investigate whether programmes targeting schools are effective at restricting infection in the wider community. Their study, published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, concludes that although these programmes have many important benefits for school-aged children, they only target a small proportion of parasites in the community. They also showed that the impact of school-based treatment depends on the extent to which school children over-contribute to transmission in the community than adults - something which hasn't been studied since the early 1990s.
Other strategies need to be considered as part of efforts to control and eliminate STH, the authors say.
Professor Sir Roy Anderson of Imperial College London, Director of the London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research and lead author of the study, said: "Following the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases, pharmaceutical companies are making large donations of treatments for soil-transmitted helminths, which is great news for reducing the burden of these parasites. To make best use of donations, we need more calculation based on sound understanding of disease transmission, as opposed to just relying on opinion.
"Since there are very few studies which look at the indirect effect of school-based treatment, we need to do more studies to estimate mixing patterns and the impact on transmission in order to design effective programmes in the future."
In an accompanying expert commentary in the same issue journal, Dr. David Addiss, Director of Children Without Worms, says the study raises critical questions which organizations working to control STH need to consider. "These results open a fundamental conversation about the goals and expectations of current global STH control efforts." Addiss notes that World Health Assembly (WHA) resolution 54.19, which set a target of treating at least 75% of school-age children with deworming drugs, also urged member states to promote access to safe water, sanitation and health education and to treat women at risk of STH.
In order to indicate the importance of the paper by Anderson and colleagues, Addiss draws on an analogy from the late 1800s: during that period, when massive trees were cut by handsaw and the logs floated down river by the hundreds to be milled, they occasionally jammed. Skilled lumberjacks could often identify a single "key log," which, once released, opened the way for all the logs to continue their journey. Addiss suggests that the paper by Anderson and colleagues reveals the presence of such a key log.
"In showing that the effect of deworming school children may have little long-term effect on STH transmission in the community, the analysis by Anderson and colleagues invites us, as a community, to clarify our goals and vision for STH control," Dr Addiss said.
###
PRESS CONTACT: Sam Wong, Research Media Officer, Imperial College London, sam.wong@imperial.ac.uk, 44-207-594-2198
Kerry Gallo, Sr. Program Associate, Children Without Worms, kgallo@taskforce.org, 404-687-5627
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: (Anderson) The authors gratefully acknowledge grant support for this research from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Partnership for Child Development. SJB is supported by a Senior Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science from the Wellcome Trust (098045), which also funds RLP. RMA thanks GSK for Centre Funding. TDH gratefully acknowledges Imperial College London for funding of her Junior Research Fellowship, the Vaccine Modeling Initiative, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the Medical Research Council for Centre Funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
(Addiss) No funds were received for this study. Children Without Worms receives financial support from Johnson & Johnson and GlaxoSmithKline. The Task
Force for Global Health, Johnson & Johnson, and GlaxoSmithKline had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
COMPETING INTERESTS: Roy M. Anderson is non-executive member of the board of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). GlaxoSmithKline provided no financial support for the work and played no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
(Addiss) The author has declared that no competing interests exist.
PLEASE ADD THIS LINK TO THE PUBLISHED ARTICLE IN ONLINE VERSIONS:
http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002027
http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002092
CITATION: Anderson RM, Truscott JE, Pullan RL, Brooker SJ, Hollingsworth TD (2013) How Effective Is School-Based Deworming for the Community-Wide Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminths? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(2): e2027. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002027
Addiss DG (2013) Epidemiologic Models, Key Logs, and Realizing the Promise of WHA 54.19. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(2): e2092. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002092
Disclaimer
This press release refers to an article in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. The release is provided by the article authors. Any opinions expressed in these releases or articles are the personal views of the journal staff and/or article contributors, and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of PLOS. PLOS expressly disclaims any and all warranties and liability in connection with the information found in the releases and articles and your use of such information.
Media Permissions
PLOS Journals publish under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits free reuse of all materials published with the article, so long as the work is cited (e.g., Kaltenbach LS et al. (2007) Huntingtin Interacting Proteins Are Genetic Modifiers of Neurodegeneration. PLoS Genet 3(5): e82. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030082). No prior permission is required from the authors or publisher. For queries about the license, please contact the relative journal contact indicated here: http://www.plos.org/journals/embargopolicy.php
About PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (http://www.plosntds.org/) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal devoted to the pathology, epidemiology, prevention, treatment, and control of the neglected tropical diseases, as well as public policy relevant to this group of diseases. All works published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases are open access, which means that everything is immediately and freely available subject only to the condition that the original authorship and source are properly attributed. The Public Library of Science uses the Creative Commons Attribution License, and copyright is retained by the authors.
About the Public Library of Science
The Public Library of Science (PLOS) is a non-profit organization of scientists and physicians committed to making the world's scientific and medical literature a freely available public resource. For more information, visit http://www.plos.org.
PLEASE MENTION THE OPEN-ACCESS JOURNAL PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (www.plosntds.org) AS THE SOURCE FOR THIS ARTICLE AND PROVIDE A LINK TO THE FREELY AVAILABLE TEXT. THANK YOU.
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal published weekly by the Public Library of Science (PLOS).
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-02/plos-dif022213.php
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'Creepy' Facebook apps tells you which friends to date
Social media 
18 hours ago
On The Rebound
"Yes, it's creepy," admits the man who co-created an app that goes through up to six years of your Facebook friends' relationship histories to determine who's ready for a new significant other. "Of course it's creepy!"
"But here's the thing," Anthony Coombs, who created the On The Rebound Facebook app with two friends, continued. "Let's be honest. You meet someone. If you friend them on Facebook, the first thing you do is check their relationship status. You're going to check and see if they are single ... and then creepily troll through their profile."
"Instead of taking the time to do this on a lonely Thursday or Friday .... we'll do this for you," the 32-year-old added, the slightest bit of a smile in his voice.
Coombs came up with the idea for On The Rebound after a missed opportunity. He'd been interested in a girl for the longest time, but she was already in a relationship. "I was the confidant, someone she talked to," he explained. "When the relationship ended, I specifically did not ask her out [...] I'm aware of when people are on the rebound." So he waited for his romantic interest to be ready for a new relationship.
On The Rebound
Unfortunately Coombs waited too long. "I'm not sure how long I waited," he said, "but during this time she ended up hooking up with a guy I knew and they're still together."
When Coombs shared the tale with his friend Jon Tran, the latter immediately started wondering about how someone could use data to figure out when people are most likely to enter a relationship. Together with designer Taylor Lecroy, the two started working on an app the same night.
Over the course of the next two-and-a-half months, the men interviewed relationships experts across the country to figure out how age and gender affect relationships. "People of different ages, who are at different stages in life, react differently to relationships ending," Coombs explained, "and relationship length matters, too."
On The Rebound sifts through relationship data when you connect it to your Facebook account and then it spits out a detailed breakdown of your friends' romantic histories. How long have they been single? Have they had a large number of relationships in the last year? How long does it take, on average, before they jump from one to the next? Based on all this information and some magical formulas, On The Rebound can assign "Rebound Ratings" to your pals and offer advice. "Hopefully he's moved on from his ex by now," the app might point out regarding one friend. "Trust me, he's using you," it might say about another "Use him back!"
Of course, as a disclaimer on the On The Rebound website cautions, the app "is for entertainment purposes only" ? so be careful about following all of its advice to the letter.
Want more tech news or interesting links? You'll get plenty of both if you keep up with Rosa Golijan, the writer of this post, by following her on Twitter, subscribing to her Facebook posts, or circling her on Google+.
Source: http://www.today.com/tech/creepy-facebook-app-tells-you-which-friends-date-1C8624099
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British crash survivor leaped from Egypt balloon
CAIRO (AP) ? Egypt's lead investigator said Thursday he is seeking to interview the only tourist who survived the crash of a hot air balloon in the southern city of Luxor, a British national who jumped from the balloon after it caught fire and before it plummeted to the ground, killing 19 others, including his wife.
The Briton, Michael Rennie, escaped with only minor injuries and no burns, a neurologist who is treating him at a Cairo hospital, Mahmoud el-Shennawy, told The Associated Press.
The only other survivor ? the balloon's Egyptian pilot, who also jumped out ? suffered heavy burns.
The sightseeing balloon on a sunrise flight Tuesday over the ancient monuments of Luxor was carrying 20 tourists from Britain, Hong Kong, Japan, Belgium, Hungary and France. It was in the process of landing when a fuel line for the burner heating the air in the balloon broke, sparking a fire, according to preliminary indications, investigators have said.
Rennie and the Egyptian pilot, Momin Murad, managed to escape the balloon's gondola when it was still relatively close to the ground. The balloon then rose back up some 300 meters (1,000 feet) into the air. The fire spread to the balloon itself, which burst, sending it plummeting into a sugar cane field.
Witnesses have said some of the tourists still trapped in the burning balloon as it rose jumped to their deaths trying to escape.
Amateur video taken from another balloon flying nearby shows it crashing it back to the earth like a fireball into a sugar cane field.
Rennie told his doctors that "he fell in a muddy area, and this helped him," el-Shennawy said. "There are no fractures. He only has minor bruises ... and scratches." His wife was killed in the crash, the doctor said.
Rennie has also refused to speak to representatives from his own embassy, el-Shennawy said ? apparently overwhelmed with grief over his wife's death. Rennie has declined to speak to reporters, and an Associated Press reporter was not allowed access to his room.
The head of the Civil Aviation Authority's technical investigation into the accident, Walid el-Moqadem, said he has has asked to speak to Rennie, who Egyptian media said did speak with a separate, criminal prosecutor investigating the crash to rule out foul play.
Rennie told criminal investigators that most of those in the balloon squatted when the fire broke out, following the pilot's instructions, according to the Egyptian newspaper Al-Watan.
Investigators have not yet spoken to the pilot because of his injuries.
El-Moqadem said countries of some of the crash victims have asked to join the probe.
He said so far Hong Kong, Britain, Japan and Hungary will not be sending investigators, and will be granted an advisory role in the investigation in line with regulations. He said for now countries of the victims will be appraised of progress through emails.
Investigators are still looking into the causes of the crash and refused to give details, el-Moqadem said earlier. Investigators speaking on condition of anonymity because the probe was still ongoing said initial results suggested a landing cable tore the fuel tube and that the pilot should have shut of a valve that would have prevented the fire from spreading.
El-Shennawy said Rennie is expected to be released Friday and will head straight to the airport.
"Some psychiatrists, and myself, talked with him. He seems to be accepting the situation," he said.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/british-crash-survivor-leaped-egypt-balloon-140419841.html
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Police: 7 missing Calif. kids found safe
FRESNO, Calif. (AP) ? An FBI task force located seven children unharmed Thursday who have been missing for several days from their home in Fresno, police said.
The children ? ages 5 to 12 ? were found with their father at his home in Sacramento, Fresno police Sgt. Jaime Rios said.
He told the Fresno Bee (http://bitly.com/13sm0a5 ) that they were in good spirits.
Police had said earlier that they had been unable to contact the father, Xa Yang, who had been estranged from his family for three years.
The father was not detained. Rios said that Fresno and Sacramento police departments will investigate to determine if a crime was committed.
The children were taken from their Fresno home when their mother and stepfather left them alone to go to a grocery store Saturday evening. The mother and stepfather told police when they returned from the store the children ? along with their clothes in the home ? were gone.
Investigators said they found no signs of forced entry. They didn't believe the children were in any danger and didn't issue an Amber Alert.
The children are: Chee Nou Yang, 12; Cha Meng Yang, 11; Zia Yang, 10; Chue Feng Yang, 8; Zang Yang, 7; Tria Yang, 6; and Tou Ger Yang, 5.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/police-missing-children-found-safe-father-074838775.html
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Plight of the bumblebee: Disappearance?
Honey bees aren't the only ones in trouble. The fuzzy American bumblebee, once the most dominant bee species in the Midwest, seems to be disappearing.
Amateur Illinois bee spotter Johanna James-Heinz found this rusty-patched bumblebee in 2008 in Peoria, Ill. It is one of four species of bumblebees that researchers say is in trouble.
Johanna James-Heinz / AP
EnlargeIt's not just honey bees that are in trouble. The fuzzy American bumblebee seems to be disappearing in the Midwest.
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Two new studies in Thursday's journal Science conclude that wild bees like the American bumblebee are increasingly important in pollinating flowers and crops that provide us with food. And, at least in the Midwest, they seem to be dwindling in an alarming manner, possibly from disease and parasites.
Wild bees are difficult to track, so scientists have had a hard time knowing what's happening to them. But because of one man in a small town in Illinois in the 1890s, researchers now have a better clue.
Naturalist Charles Robertson went out daily in a horse-drawn buggy and meticulously collected and categorized insects in Carlinville in southern Illinois.
More than a century later, Laura Burkle of Montana State University went back to see what changed. Burkle and her colleagues reported that they could only find half the species of wild bees that Robertson found ? 54 of 109 types.
"That's a significant decline. It's a scary decline," Burkle said Thursday.
And what's most noticeable is the near absence of one particular species, the yellow-and-black American bumblebee. There are 4,000 species of wild bees in America and 49 of them are bumblebees. In the Midwest, the most common bee has been Bombus pensylvanicus, known as the American bumblebee. It only stings defensively, experts say.
But in 447 hours of searching, Burkle's team found only one American bumblebee, a queen.
That fits with a study that University of Illinois entomologist Sydney Cameron did two years ago when she found a dramatic reduction in the number and range of the American bumblebee.
"It was the most dominant bumblebee in the Midwest," Cameron said, saying it now has pretty much disappeared from much of its northern range. Overall, its range has shrunk by about 23 percent, although it is still strong in Texas and the West, she said.
"People call them the big fuzzies," Cameron said. "They're phenomenal animals. They can fly in the snow."
Her research found four species of bumblebees in trouble: the American bumblebee, the rusty-patched bumblebee, the western bumblebee and the yellow-banded bumblebee.
A separate Science study by a European team showed that wild bees in general have a larger role in pollinating plants than the honey bees that are trucked in to do the job professionally.
Those domesticated bees are already in trouble with record high prices for bees to pollinate California almond trees, said David Inouye at the University of Maryland.
Scientists suspect a combination of disease and parasites for the dwindling of both wild and domesticated bees.
Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/cdYknn47hSQ/Plight-of-the-bumblebee-Disappearance
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Video: 'Assassin's Creed 4: Black Flag' ready to set sail
Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.
Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/in-game/50992302/
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